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	<title>Vara Jambak &#187; Minangkabau</title>
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	<description>On Minangkabau, matriarchy, Islam, patriarchy, politics and culture</description>
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		<itunes:summary>On Minangkabau, matriarchy, Islam, patriarchy, politics and culture</itunes:summary>
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		<itunes:category text="Society &amp; Culture"/>
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		<title>Muhammad Ibrahim Ilyas rang Chaniago: Alam Takambang Jadi Ngilu, 2</title>
		<link>http://www.varajambak.com/2010/07/28/muhammad-ibrahim-ilyas-rang-chaniago-alam-takambang-jadi-ngilu-2/</link>
		<comments>http://www.varajambak.com/2010/07/28/muhammad-ibrahim-ilyas-rang-chaniago-alam-takambang-jadi-ngilu-2/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 28 Jul 2010 13:45:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Vara</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Minangkabau]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.varajambak.com/?p=1806</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[


Begitu panjang deretan pertemuan dengan berbagai tingkatan: kongres, seminar, lokakarya, dan sarasehan mengenai Minangkabau. Paling tidak sudah tercatat sejak 1910. Ada berapa banyak hasil dan rekomendasinya yang bisa dimplementasikan dan diterima sebagai sesuatu yang harus dilaksanakan &#8220;untuk dan demi kebudayaan Minangkabau?&#8221; Ada berapa banyak yang hanya berakhir pada ujung pertemuan itu saja? Hasil-hasil pertemuan itu [...]]]></description>
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</script></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Begitu panjang deretan pertemuan dengan berbagai tingkatan: kongres, seminar, lokakarya, dan sarasehan mengenai <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Minangkabau</span></em>. Paling tidak sudah tercatat sejak 1910. Ada berapa banyak hasil dan rekomendasinya yang bisa dimplementasikan dan diterima sebagai sesuatu yang harus dilaksanakan &#8220;<em><span style="color:#0000ff;">untuk dan demi kebudayaan Minangkabau?</span></em>&#8221; Ada berapa banyak yang hanya berakhir pada ujung pertemuan itu saja? Hasil-hasil pertemuan itu bahkan tak terdokumentasi dengan baik, tinggal tertumpuk sebagai bagian dari laporan pertanggung-jawaban keuangan (karena sudah memakai uang <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">APBN</span></em> atau <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">APBD</span></em>), terletak berdebu di laci organisasi penyelenggaranya dan kemudian dilupakan, jadi bahan skripsi yang kemudian juga tak terbaca setelah wisuda, dan ada sedikit sekali yang berhasil dicetak jadi buku (buku yang dicetak dengan jumlah terbatas pula).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Masih adanya keinginan untuk melaksanakan agenda sejenis bisa menyiratkan beberapa hal. Pertama, kesadaran bahwa memang ada hal-hal yang perlu dituntaskan &#8220;untuk dan demi kebudayaan Minangkabau&#8221;, artinya belum ada pembicaraan menyeluruh mengenai hal itu pada pertemuan sebelumnya. Dengan alasan ini, mestinya ada pertemuan pendahuluan untuk menyepakati hal-hal yang perlu dituntaskan itu. Kedua, sangat kompleksnya masalah yang dihadapi <span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>kebudayaan Minangkabau</em></span>, terutama menyangkut eksistensi dan masa depannya, yang membuat (sebagian)<span style="color:#ff0000;"> <em>orang Minang</em></span> merasa perlu membuat rumusan-rumusan (semacam <span style="color:#0000ff;">undang-undang tertuli</span><em><span style="color:#0000ff;">s</span></em>) standar yang akan dipakai oleh <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">etnik Minangkabau</span></em> di masa depan. Persoalannya di sini adalah bagaimana sebagian orang Minang tersebut membagi persoalan ini dengan orang Minang yang lain. Ketiga, ini hanya keinginan sedikit orang Minang (asumsi sebagian orang Minang lain) yang memposisikan diri sebagai orang atau lembaga (satu-satunya) yang bertanggung jawab terhadap kebudayaan Minang. </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Sesungguhnya, memang banyak hal yang harus kita persamakan. Sebelumnya, tentu harus menyamakan persepsi dulu. Banyak masalah yang menjadi pertanyaan harian yang ada dalam diri setiap <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">orang Minang</span></em> (atau yang merasa jadi orang Minang atau yang ingin menjadi orang Minang). Ada lagi hal-hal di luar itu. Kita sebut saja misalnya <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">globalisasi</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Minangkabau</span></em> atau <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Sumatera Barat</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Minangkabau</span></em> atau <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Pagaruyung</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#0000ff;">adat salingka nagari</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Gebu Minang</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#0000ff;">ranah jo rantau</span></em><span style="color:#ff00ff;">*</span>, <em><span style="color:#0000ff;">dikambang saleba alam dilipek sagadang kuku</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">LKAAM</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#0000ff;">alam takambang jadi guru</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#0000ff;">bandara Minangkabau</span></em>,<em><span style="color:#ff0000;"> perda nagari</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">baliak ka nagari</span></em>,<em><span style="color:#ff0000;"> baliak ka surau</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">RPJM</span></em> (<em><span style="color:#0000ff;">Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah</span></em>), <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">RPJP </span></em>(<em><span style="color:#0000ff;">Rencana Induk Pembangunan Jangka Panjang</span></em>), lebih 300.000 ha <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">tanah ulayat</span></em> yang akan jadi tanah negara (informasi dari beberapa sumber), <span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>koperasi suku</em></span> atau <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">pemekaran nagari</span></em>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em><span style="color:#0000ff;">Bagaimana masa depan kebudayaan Minangkabau?</span></em><br />
Inilah pokok masalah yang harus dipikirkan oleh orang Minang. Berhentilah bernostalgia, lepaskan diri dari romantisme masa lalu. Toh kita semua tau bahwa yang bersifat material dalam kebudayaan Minangkabau telah bergeser banyak atau sudah tidak ada sama sekali. <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Tanah ulayat</span></em>,<em><span style="color:#ff0000;"> tapian mandi</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">balairung</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">bungo pasia jo bungo kayu</span></em><span style="color:#ff00ff;">**</span>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">surau</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">sasaran</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">galanggang</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">datuk</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">ninik mamak</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">adat bakobaki</span></em>, perkawinan (sudah lazim resepsi di gedung dan menyewa <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">pasambahan</span></em>), <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">kerapatan panghulu</span></em>, dan seterusnya; apakah kita masih mempunyainya atau masih berfungsikah menurut kebanggaan kita? Saya membayangkan, suatu kali nanti, ketika saya tanya cucu saya, apakah Minangkabau itu? Dengan santai cucu saya langsung menjawab: nama bandara dekat <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Padang</span></em>, ibukota Sumatera Barat. Nah.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Kebanyakan pertemuan kita selama ini hanya bicara tentang bagaimana Minangkabau di masa lalu, bagaimana kebanggaan-kebanggaan semu kita terhadap itu semua, dan nyaris tak bicara bagaimana nilai dan kebanggaan itu bisa tetap kita pakai di masa depan.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em><span style="color:#0000ff;">Globalisasi</span></em><br />
Globalisasi mencemaskan banyak orang, yang tidak kuat akan terlindas dan larut hilang. Globalisasi menjadi gelombang tsunami menakutkan yang siap menyapu semua. Tidakkah globalisasi juga membuka peluang penguatan bagi semua <span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>kelompok kebudayaan</em></span>. Ketika globalisasi tiba, semua orang memerlukan jati diri dan bangga dengan identitasnya. Sebagai kebudayaan yang sangat dinamis dan terbuka, Minangkabau justru akan semakin kuat dengan adanya globalisasi, mengingat makin pentingnya nilai yang mampu memberikan perbedaan spesifik dan berakar. <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Matrilini</span></em> adalah pilihan berbeda di tengah <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">budaya patrilini</span></em> yang mendunia, dan pilihan berbeda tentu saja mengakibatkan tekanan dari semua arah, termasuk dari dalam diri sendiri.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em><span style="color:#0000ff;">Minangkabau atau Sumatera Barat</span></em><br />
Dua hal ini berbeda tapi banyak dicampur aduk-kan. Minangkabau adalah <span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>w</em><em>ilayah kebudayaan</em></span>. Tak ada <em><span style="color:#0000ff;">batas geografisnya</span></em> seperti ungkapan<em><span style="color:#0000ff;"> dikambang saleba alam</span></em><span style="color:#ff00ff;">***</span>. Sumatera Barat hanyalah wilayah adiministratif dalam wilayah republik Indonesia, yang orang Minang terlibat aktif dan memberikan kontribusi dalam pembentukannya. Mengingat hal ini, menjadi sangat tak masuk akal adanya gagasan <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Provinsi Minangkabau</span></em>, sebagaimana dilansir beberapa pihak. Dalam banyak masalah, kita sering mencampuradukkan kedua batasan ini. <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Pekan Budaya Sumatera Barat</span></em> misalnya, bagaimana menuntutnya sama dengan <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Pekan Budaya Minangkabau</span></em>? Dalam provinsi Sumatera Barat ada etnis lain, yang hidup berdampingan dan berkulturasi dengan orang Minang. Bagaimana memahami wayang berbahasa Minang di <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Darmasyraya</span></em> atau <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">tari ronggeng</span></em> di<em><span style="color:#ff0000;"> Pasaman Barat</span></em>?</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em><span style="color:#0000ff;">Minangkabau atau Pagaruyung</span></em><br />
Ini juga dua hal yang belum dapat dijelaskan dengan baik. Banyak orang Minang yang mengira bahwa <span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>P</em><em>agaruyung</em></span> sama dengan <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">kerajaan Minangkabau</span></em> atau paling tidak wilayahnya adalah Minangkabau. Apakah kerajaan Pagaruyung itu sama format dan bentuknya dengan <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">kerajaan Mataram</span></em> atau <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">kerajaan Kutai</span></em>? Tidak sama, kata seorang teman. Bagaimana perbedaannya. Banyak yang belum bisa menjernihkannya. <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Istana Paguruyung</span></em> seolah menjadi <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">keraton kerajaan orang Minangkabau</span></em> yang sama pengertiannya dengan istana kerajaan lain. Bahwa Minangkabau dan Pagaruyung itu berhubungan timbal balik dan tidak dapat dilepaskan satu sama lainnya, itu benar. Perlu penjelasan tentang bagaimana hubungan itu tidak berlangsung sama dengan di tempat lain.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em><span style="color:#0000ff;">Gebu Minang, adat salingka nagari</span></em><br />
Banyak orang yang sependapat bahwa<span style="color:#ff0000;"> <em>Gebu Minang</em></span> belum mampu menyelesaikan banyak hal yang diinginkan atau dibayangkan orang ketika lembaga ini didirikan. <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Gerakan Seribu Minang</span></em> artinya ketika didirikan, sudah disempurnakan menjadi <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Gerakan Ekonomi dan Budaya Minangkabau</span></em>. Program awalnya, termasuk kegiatan ekonomi seperti <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">BPR Gebu Minan</span></em>g, tidak banyak diketahui umum keberadaannya sekarang. Makin lama makin terasa kekuatannya melemah termasuk akibat situasi politik yang berubah. Yang jadi masalah utama adalah lembaga ini memakai nama Minangkabau dan kemudian beroperasi terutama di Sumatera Barat. Bagaimana dengan orang Minangkabau di luar Sumatera Barat? Beberapa kantong perantau memang coba dilibatkan, tapi bagaimana dengan<em><span style="color:#ff0000;"> wilayah kebudayaan Minangkabau</span></em> di luar <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Sumatera Barat</span></em>? Lagipula, persatuan lebih kuat di tingkat yang lebih kecil. <em><span style="color:#0000ff;">Tagak nagari mamaga nagari</span></em><span style="color:#ff00ff;">****</span>.<em><span style="color:#ff0000;"> Ikatan perantau nagari</span></em> malah jauh lebih kuat dan berdaya nyata.</p>
<p>***</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<address><span style="color:#ff00ff;">*</span> Ranah dan rantau.</address>
<address><span style="color:#ff00ff;">**</span> Bunga pasir dan bunga kayu</address>
<address><span style="color:#ff00ff;">***</span> Dikembang selebar alam</address>
<address><span style="color:#ff00ff;">****</span> Tegak negeri memagar negri</address>
<address>
</address>
<address>***<br />
</address>
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<address><em><span style="color:#ff0000;">LKAAM </span></em>adalah singkatan dari Lembaga Kerapatan Adat Alam Minangkabau</address>
<address><em><span style="color:#ff0000;">APBN </span></em>adalah singkatan dari Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara</address>
<address><em><span style="color:#ff0000;">APBD </span></em>adalah singkatan dari Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah</address>
<p>***</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<address style="text-align: justify;"><em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Muhammad Ibrahim Ilyas</span></em> yang <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">orang Chaniago</span></em> (<em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Bram Chaniago</span></em>) berasal dari daerah bernama <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Lubuak Buayo</span></em> (Lubuk Buaya) di <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Padang</span></em>, Sumatra Barat. Lahir di Padang pada tahun 1963, laki-laki yang dipanggil Bram ini adalah seorang pekerja teater yang juga seorang penulis puisi, esai, cerpen dan  naskah drama. Pernah terlibat dalam berbagai media massa, kini ia bergiat sebagai Sekretaris <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>Dewan Kesenian Sumatra Barat</em></span> (<em><span style="color: #ff0000;">DKSB</span></em>).  Sebagaimana layaknya orang-orang pekerja seni lainnya di ranah dan rantau, Bram juga adalah seorang <em><span style="color: #0000ff;">pengamat kebudayaan Minangkabau</span></em>. Pemaparan dari Bram Chaniago di atas memberikan gambaran mengenai <em><span style="color: #0000ff;">permasalahan-permasalahan kebudayaan</span></em> -yang juga berhubungan dengan <em><span style="color: #0000ff;">permasalahan ekonomi</span></em>- yang lebih layak untuk dibahas oleh seluruh masyarakat Minangkabau.</address>
<address style="text-align: justify;"> </address>
<address style="text-align: justify;"> </address>
<address style="text-align: justify;"> </address>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<address style="text-align: justify;">Bram Chaniago adalah salah seorang pendiri daripada grup<em><span style="color: #ff0000;"> Debu Minang</span></em> (yang merupakan plesetan dari Gebu Minang) di facebook dalam rangka penolakan terhadap diselenggarakannya <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>Kongres Kebudayaan Minangkabau 2010</em></span> yang secara sepihak diprakarsai oleh <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">B</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">rigjen (Purn.) Saafroedin Bahar</span></em> bersama <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Mochtar Naim</span></em> lewat lembaga bernama <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Gebu Minang</span></em> dengan mengatasnamakan seluruh <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">masyarakat Minangkabau</span></em>.</address>
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		<item>
		<title>Muhammad Ibrahim Ilyas rang Chaniago: Alam Takambang Jadi Ngilu, 1</title>
		<link>http://www.varajambak.com/2010/07/26/muhammad-ibrahim-ilyas-rang-chaniago-alam-takambang-jadi-ngilu-1/</link>
		<comments>http://www.varajambak.com/2010/07/26/muhammad-ibrahim-ilyas-rang-chaniago-alam-takambang-jadi-ngilu-1/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Jul 2010 00:52:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Vara</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Minangkabau]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.varajambak.com/?p=1802</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hari-hari belakangan ini bertumpuk masalah dan kejadian di sekeliling kita yang membuat dada sesak, pikiran mampet, hingga ingin berteriak, bacaruik*, atau bahkan muntah. Mari lihat beberapa di antaranya. Peterporn, TDL* naik, 48% pemilih tidak memberikan suara untuk pilkada gubernur sumbar, tabung gas meledak di mana-mana, gubernur baru akan dilantik (?), ada pilkada dua putaran di [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hari-hari belakangan ini bertumpuk masalah dan kejadian di sekeliling kita yang membuat dada sesak, pikiran mampet, hingga ingin berteriak, bacaruik*, atau bahkan muntah. Mari lihat beberapa di antaranya. <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Peterporn</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">TDL</span></em><span style="color:#ff00ff;">*</span> naik, 48% pemilih tidak memberikan suara untuk <em><span style="color:#0000ff;">pilkada gubernur sumbar</span></em>, tabung gas meledak di mana-mana, gubernur baru akan dilantik (?), ada pilkada dua putaran di dua kabupaten, pasar kota semrawut, <em><span style="color:#0000ff;">lembaga-lembaga masyarakat</span></em> sakit, piala dunia dimenangkan oleh <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Paul Gurita</span></em>, harga cabe naik dan seorang mentri menyarankan agar berhenti makan cabe, harga barang kebutuhan pokok dan tidak pokok melonjak, siaran tv dilarang, peluncuran buku dibubarkan polisi dan ini:<em><span style="color:#ff0000;"> Kongres Kebudayaan Minangkabau I 2010</span></em>.</p>
<p>Entah apa maksud pencantuman angka satu rumawi itu. Sepanjang pengetahuan saya, sangat panjang deretan aktivitas yang dapat dikatakan sejenis ini. Membentang sejak tahun 1960-an, jejeran aktivitas yang diberi nama kongres, seminar, lokakarya, rundiangan atau apa pun namanya, nyaris tak terhitung. Peristiwa itu pun diselenggarakan oleh lembaga yang sangat beragam: Pemda, Dinas tertentu, lembaga masyarakat, ikatan perantau, mahasiswa, sanggar, nagari dan seterusnya. Kegiatan itu juga berlangsung di banyak tempat: <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Padang</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Batusangkar</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Bukittinggi</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Jakarta</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Medan</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Bandung</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Yogya</span></em> dan entah di mana lagi. Saya tak tau apakah ada yang punya catatan dan dokumentasi lengkap tentang ini. Saking banyaknya, saya pernah mengatakan pada <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Pak Mahyeldi Ansharullah</span></em> (sekarang <em><span style="color:#0000ff;">wakil walikota Padang</span></em>) dan <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Dr. Nusyirwan Effendi</span></em> (waktu itu saya dan Nusyirwan terlibat sebagai panitia kongres tahun 2006 bersama <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Wisran Hadi</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Darman Moenir</span></em>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Yulizal Yunus</span></em> dan <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Ivan Adilla</span></em>): sudah patut dan perlu diselenggarakan sebuah kongres atau seminar untuk membahas <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">kongres dan seminar-seminar Minangkabau</span></em> yang pernah dilaksanakan. Dengan begitu dapat dievaluasi apa yang sudah kita capai untuk dan demi <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">kebudayaan Minangkaba</span></em>u itu.</p>
<p>Kini tiba-tiba kita membaca kalimat <span style="color:#0000ff;"><em>Kongres Kebudayaan Minangkabau I</em></span>. Paling tidak, ini menyiratkan dua hal. Inilah <span style="color:#0000ff;"><em>kongres kebudayaan Minangkabau</em></span> yang pertama kali diselenggarakan. Sebelum ini tak ada yang setara atau lebih baik dari ini. Hal lain, ini menjadi pertanda akan ada kongres ke II dan seterusnya. Mau ditempatkan di mana catatan panjang yang telah terjadi? Bagaimana dengan pengulangan tema dan topik yang hampir selalu terjadi pada peristiwa semacam itu? Ini romantisme masa lalu, nostalgia, atau&#8230;? Apalagi ada beberapa tokoh kita yang menjadi langganan pembicara dan topik yang diusungnya nyaris merupakan perulangan-perulangan.</p>
<p>Saya setuju dan sepakat bahwa kita perlu membicarakan kebudayaan Minangkabau. Namun kita harus lebih dulu menyepakati apa yang perlu dibicarakan. Ada beberapa <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">FGD</span></em> (<em><span style="color:#0000ff;">focus group discussion</span></em>)yang saya tau dilaksanakan untuk persiapan kongres ini, sayang sekali saya tak berkesempatan menghadirinya, demikian juga beberapa kawan lain. Saya kuatir, ini akan menjadi sesuatu yang menitik dari atas. <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Alam takambang jadi ngilu.</span></em>..</p>
<p>***</p>
<p><span style="color:#ff00ff;">*</span><em><span style="color:#ff0000;"> TDL</span></em>: Tarif Dasar Listrik</p>
<p><em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Muhammad Ibrahim Ilyas</span></em> yang <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">orang Chaniago</span></em> (<em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Bram Chaniago</span></em>) berasal dari daerah bernama <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Lubuak Buayo</span></em> (Lubuk Buaya) di <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Padang</span></em>, Sumatra Barat. Lahir di Padang pada tahun 1963, laki-laki yang dipanggil Bram oleh rekan-rekannya ini adalah seorang pekerja teater yang juga seorang penulis puisi, esai, cerpen dan  naskah drama. Pernah terlibat dalam berbagai media massa, kini ia bergiat sebagai Sekretaris <span style="color:#0000ff;"><em>Dewan Kesenian Sumatra Barat</em></span> (<em><span style="color:#ff0000;">DKSB</span></em>).  Sebagaimana layaknya orang-orang pekerja seni lainnya di ranah dan rantau, Bram juga adalah seorang <em><span style="color:#0000ff;">pengamat kebudayaan Minangkabau</span></em>.</p>
<p>Bram Chaniago adalah salah seorang pendiri daripada grup<em><span style="color:#ff0000;"> Debu Minang</span></em> (yang merupakan &#8220;plesetan&#8221; dari Gebu Minang) di facebook dalam rangka penolakan terhadap diselenggarakannya <span style="color:#0000ff;"><em>Kongres Kebudayaan Minangkabau 2010</em></span> yang secara sepihak diprakarsai oleh <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">B</span><span style="color:#ff0000;">rigjen (Purn.) Saafroedin Bahar</span></em> bersama <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Mochtar Naim</span></em> lewat lembaga bernama <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Gebu Minang</span></em> dengan mengatasnamakan seluruh <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">masyarakat Minangkabau</span></em>.</p>
<p>Pemaparan dari Bram Chaniago di atas memberikan gambaran mengenai  kongres-kongres dan seminar-seminar mengenai ke-Minangkabau-an dan hubungannya  dengan<em><span style="color:#ff0000;"> Kongres Kebudayaan Minangkabau I 2010</span></em>.</p>
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		<title>Merantau The Movie</title>
		<link>http://www.varajambak.com/2010/04/12/merantau-the-movie/</link>
		<comments>http://www.varajambak.com/2010/04/12/merantau-the-movie/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Apr 2010 17:52:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Vara</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Minangkabau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bukit Tinggi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[clan chief]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Datuak]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[datuk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Edwel Datuk Rajo Gampo Alam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[European Human Trafficking Ring]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fantastic Fest]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gampo Alam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gareth Evans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gender]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gender separation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Harimau Silek]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hawaii International Film Festival]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[INAFFF]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Inyiak]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[JIFFEST]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jogja Netpac 4th Asian Film Festival]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Marche DU FILM]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[merantau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[merantau tradition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Minangkabau Alam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Minangkabau culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Minangkabau literature]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Minangkabau martial arts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Minangkabau realm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Minangkabau Silek]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Minangkabau world]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mother-child relationships]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mother-son relationships]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[motherland]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[patriarchal world]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[penghulu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Puchon International Fantastic Film Festival]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rantau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Samurai]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Shoguns]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Silat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Silek]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Silek movements]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sinanok valley]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sitges Film Festival]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sumatran tigers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tan Malaka]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the Palm Springs International Film Festival]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the ruling class]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the warrior class]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the world's oppressed people]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[West Sumatra]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[
Merantau is one of many Minangkabau deep-rooted traditions which are still carried out to this day. Its main objective is for young people to seek experience outside the motherland. Because as they are young, they cannot yet be useful for  the society at home. Merantau tradition is often misunderstood as a tradition just for boys, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><!-- 		@page { margin: 2cm } 		P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>Merantau </em></span>is one of many Minangkabau deep-rooted traditions which are still carried out to this day. Its main objective is for young people to seek experience outside the <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">motherland</span></em>. Because as they are young, they cannot yet be useful for  the society at home. <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Merantau tradition</span></em> is often misunderstood as a tradition just for boys, because it seems to be popular only among boys and young men. But <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Minangkabau culture </span></em>is not  based on <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">gender</span></em> or <span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>gender separation</em></span>. Therefore, there is no activity or work which is intended only for men or only for women. Just like <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Silek</span></em> martial arts and cooking, this tradition is carried out by Minangkabau women as well as by the Minangkabau men.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Merantau the movie is a action movie that takes the <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>Minangkabau  cultural background</em></span> as the main theme, especially Silek (Minangkabau martial arts) and Minangkabau merantau tradition. This movie also pictures another common theme in the Minangkabau literature, the role of the mother in the life of every Minangkabau men and the relationship between a mother and her son. <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Silek</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">merantau </span></em>and <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">mother-child relationships</span></em> (especially <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">mother-son relationship</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">s</span></em>) are common themes in the <span style="color: #000000;">Minangkabau literature.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This movie is clearly different from other action movies like those about <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Samurai</span></em> with emphasis on themes such as the killings and the arts of killing people, on <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">the </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">warrior caste</span></em> or <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">class </span></em>working for <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">the ruling class</span></em> or <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">caste </span></em>in the society and the quest to be the best killer (in the Japanese context, it would be the Samurai working for the <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Shoguns</span></em>)  and on the cult of the culture of violence. It has a totally different emphasis.That is, martial arts as pure self-defense, as pure self-defense is the core of <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Minangkabau Silek</span></em>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The video from youtube below is the trailer of Merantau. It portrays a life of a Minangkabau boy. Yuda, the main character in this movie, is a young man living in a village in the picturesque and peaceful Minangkabau realm. With the permission of his mother, he left his village and went to <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">rantau </span></em>(the area outside the motherland), to Jakarta, to a place described as  full of and filled with violence. Accidentally, in his attempts to rescue a woman from a group of men who treated her badly, he came into contact with and had to deal with <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>the European human trafficking ring</em></span> which cost him his death.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><object classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="480" height="385" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always" /><param name="src" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/X0riDmDY4ak&amp;hl=de_DE&amp;fs=1&amp;" /><param name="allowfullscreen" value="true" /><embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="385" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/X0riDmDY4ak&amp;hl=de_DE&amp;fs=1&amp;" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Yuda&#8217;s story, is the story of many Minangkabau boys and girls who went merantau. A story of leaving a world of peace and love which is <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">the  Minangkabau realm</span></em>, going into the savage and cruel world which is <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">the patriarchal world</span></em>, running into the oppressed people, defending them and by doing it,  eventually meeting their end in <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">rantau</span></em>. <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Tan Malaka</span></em>, the founder of the Republic of Indonesia, is one example of a Minangkabau man who suffered the same fate  as Yuda as the defender of <em><span style="color: #0000ff;">the world&#8217;s oppressed people</span></em>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The writer and director of this movie, an Englishman named <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Gareth Evans</span></em>, took an  interest in making a movie about <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Silek </span></em>and the Minangkabau merantau  tradition at the time of the making of a documentary movie <em>about <span style="color: #ff0000;">Silat </span></em>in  Indonesia.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Silek, Minangkabau martial arts, has a lot of styles and schools.  Merantau is based on the style called <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Harimau Silek.</span></em> <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Harimau </span></em>means tiger  and as its name already reveals, the movements of Harimau Silek are  based on the movements of the <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Sumatran tigers.</span></em> For their role as  teachers in this style of Silek, Minang people often refer to the  Sumatran tigers with the honorary title or the call of honor <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Inyiak</span></em>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The video from youtube below is one of the videos taken during the  making of Merantau. It shows the choreography of  the movements of  Harimau Silek used in the movie. <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Edwel Datuk Rajo Gampo Alam</span></em> is the choreographer of the <em><span style="color: #0000ff;">Silek movements </span></em>used in <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Merantau</span></em>. <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Datuak Rajo Gampo  Alam</span></em> is his title as Minangkabau <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">panghulu</span></em> which is often  misinterpreted as &#8220;<em><span style="color: #ff0000;">clan chie</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">f</span></em>&#8220;. <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Datuak </span></em>or <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Datuk </span></em>is a nickname given to  someone who becomes penghulu in the Minangkabau world. <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Gampo Alam</span></em> is the real  title of this Harimau Silek coach as he was appointed as a panghulu. <em><span style="color: #ff0000;"> </span></em>In  the Minangkabau  language, the word &#8216;<em></em><em><span style="color: #ff0000;">alam</span></em>&#8216; can mean many things such as <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">nature</span></em>, <em> </em><em><span style="color: #ff0000;">earth</span></em>, <em> </em><em><span style="color: #ff0000;">world </span></em>and  also <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">universe</span></em>. <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Gampo  Alam</span></em> in this case means earthquake.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><object classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="640" height="385" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always" /><param name="src" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/J1S8oa46MTY&amp;hl=de_DE&amp;fs=1&amp;" /><param name="allowfullscreen" value="true" /><embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="640" height="385" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/J1S8oa46MTY&amp;hl=de_DE&amp;fs=1&amp;" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Merantau has been screened at various festivals such as at the <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">Palm Springs   International Film Festiva</span>l</span></em> </span>(USA), <em><span style="color: #0000ff;">JIFFEST</span></em> &#8216;09 (Jakarta, INDONESIA),<span style="color: #000000;"> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>INAFFF</em></span> </span>&#8216;09 (Jakarta, INDONESIA), Singapore (as Merantau WARRRIOR), American Film Market (USA), <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>Hawaii   International Film Festival</em></span> (USA), <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>Kaohsiung Film Festiva</em>l</span> (Taiwan),<em> <span style="color: #0000ff;"> Sitges Film Festival</span></em> (Spain), <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>Fantastic Fest</em></span> (USA), <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>Jogja Netpac 4th Asian Film Festival</em></span> (Indonesia), PiFan 2009 &#8211; <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>Puchon   International Fantastic Film Festival</em></span> (South Korea), and at the <em><span style="color: #0000ff;">Marche   DU FILM</span></em> (Cannes, France) in 2009.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">***</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">For those interested in action movies in  general and Minangkabau Silek in   particular, and wish to know more  about this movie, there are more videos and pictures on  the official website of <a href="http://www.merantau-movie.com/"><span style="color: #ff00ff;"><em>Merantau</em></span></a>, on the   <em><span style="color: #0000ff;">Merantau Production Blog</span></em> on <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_LtdDB2AqY&amp;feature=PlayList&amp;p=6D141D6A3D682F56&amp;playnext_from=PL&amp;index=0&amp;playnext=1"><em><span style="color: #ff00ff;">youtube</span></em></a>,    on <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1368116/news?year%20=%202009"><span style="color: #ff00ff;"><em>imdb</em></span></a> or on <a href="http://vimeo.com/user745762"><em><span style="color: #ff00ff;">vimeo</span></em></a>. For those with an account on  facebook, a visit to <em><span style="color: #0000ff;">the Merantau fan group</span></em> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=22990598002"><span style="color: #ff00ff;"><em>here</em></span></a> is worth a try.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Brief reviews on Merantau can also be  read <a href="http://www.kungfucinema.com/full-trailer-for-silat-actioner-merantau-6887"><em><span style="color: #ff00ff;">here </span></em></a><em>and<a href="http://www.blacktrianglesilat.com/features/34-articles/72-silat-in-focus-merantau-film-review"><em><span style="color: #ff00ff;"> here </span></em></a>.</em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The movie is shoot at the picturesque <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Sianok valley</span></em> in <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Bukit Tinggi</span></em>, West Sumatra and in Jakarta.<em><br />
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		<title>Puti Reno Oesman&#8211;Mantan Diplomat Wanita Siap Pimpin Sumbar</title>
		<link>http://www.varajambak.com/2010/02/16/puti-reno-oesman-mantan-diplomat-wanita-siap-pimpin-sumbar/</link>
		<comments>http://www.varajambak.com/2010/02/16/puti-reno-oesman-mantan-diplomat-wanita-siap-pimpin-sumbar/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Feb 2010 13:55:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Vara</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Minangkabau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Australia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bundo Kanduang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bundo Kanduang-Bundo Kanduang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bung Hatta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[calon gubernur Sumbar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Departemen Luar Negeri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Deplu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[H. Soetan Oesman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jerman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[KBRI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[M. Yamin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Minister Counsellor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Moscow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Muhamad Yamin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[One]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Padang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Padang Panjang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pancasila]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[para Bundo Kanduang Minangkabau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Penanggungjawab Bidang Pensosbud KBRI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[perempuan Minangkabau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[perempuan-perempuan Minangkabau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pilkada Sumbar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Politik]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Proklamator]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Puti Reno Usman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rahmah El Yunusiyah]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[raja perempuan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ranah Minang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rusia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sumbar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sumbar pascagempa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Thailand]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[

Setelah menjadi seorang diplomat dan mengembara diberbagai negara karena ditugaskan pemerintah pusat, Puti Reno Oesman pulang untuk membangun Ranah Minang. Puti Reno Oesman yang akrab dipanggil &#8220;One&#8221; adalah diplomat senior di Depertemen Luar Negeri (Deplu) yang telah memiliki pengalaman selama 31 tahun. Ia merupakan Bundo Kanduang yang dilahirkan di Padang, tahun 1947  lalu. Putri [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="margin: 2px 5px 3px 3px; float: left; width: 300px;"><a href="http://www.varajambak.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/thumb_puti-reno-usman.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1558" title="thumb_Puti Reno Usman" src="http://www.varajambak.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/thumb_puti-reno-usman.jpg" alt="" width="279" height="219" /></a></div>
<div style="padding-left: 120px; text-align: justify; margin: 2px 5px 3px 3px;">Setelah menjadi seorang diplomat dan mengembara diberbagai negara karena ditugaskan pemerintah pusat, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Puti Reno Oesman</span></em> pulang untuk membangun <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Ranah Minang</span></em>. Puti Reno Oesman yang akrab dipanggil &#8220;<em><span style="color: #ff0000;">One</span></em>&#8221; adalah diplomat senior di <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>Depertemen Luar Negeri</em></span> (<em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Deplu</span></em>) yang telah memiliki pengalaman selama 31 tahun. Ia merupakan <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Bundo Kanduang</span></em> yang dilahirkan di <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Padang</span></em>, tahun 1947  lalu. Putri dari <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">H. Soetan Oesman</span></em> (alm) ini telah membulatkan tekad akan ikut bertarung dalam <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Pilkada Sumbar</span></em> pada Juni 2010 ini.</div>
<p style="text-align: justify;">&#8220;Saya pulang dan ingin membangun kembali Ranah Minang. <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>Saatnya Minangkabau merasakan sentuhan tangan perempuan dalam memimpin</em></span>, ungkapnya. Dikatakannya, sudah cukup lama dorongan untuk ia maju sebagai gubernur di <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Sumbar</span></em>, namun <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Minister Counsellor</span></em> ini masih memilih menyelesaikan tugas di Deplu. Terakhir One adalah <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>Penanggungjawab Bidang Pensosbud KBRI</em></span> <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Moscow</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Rusia</span></em>. Sebelumnya ia pernah ditugaskan di <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Thailand</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Jerman</span></em>, dan <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Australia</span></em>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">&#8220;<span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>Melihat langsung kondisi Sumbar pascagempa, saya bertekad harus membangun kembali berbagai sarana yang rusak, memulihkan mental masyarakat agar mereka tetap semangat menjalani hidup. Kini saya sudah pensiun dari Deplu dan ingin fokus membangun kampung halaman</em></span>, &#8220;ungkapnya.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Dikatakannya, dulu <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Minangkabau</span></em> pernah memiliki<em><span style="color: #ff0000;"> raja perempuan</span></em>.<em><span style="color: #ffcc00;"> <span style="color: #0000ff;">Seorang Bundo Kanduang dengan segala potensi yang dimiliki dan perasaan yang halus akan bisa memberikan ketentraman bagi masyarakat</span></span></em>. Hingga saat ini Minangkabau menjadi terkenal di seluruh dunia.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">&#8220;Saya telah berkeliling dunia dalam melaksanakan tugas kenegaraan, orang di luar tahu kalau Minangkabau adalah suku bangsa yang unik dan sangat menghargai perempuan. Kini saatnya Minangkabau mengembalikan itu semua, &#8220;ungkapnya.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Dikatakan One, Minangkabau juga terkenal melahirkan banyak tokoh nasional yang berjuang untuk bangsa. Kemerdekaan Indonesia tak lepas dari peran besar orang Minangkabau, sebut <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Bung Hatta</span></em> sebagai <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Proklamator</span></em>. Lahirnya <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Pancasila</span></em> dari pemikiran <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">M Yamin</span></em>. <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Perempuan Minangkabau</span></em> juga telah memberikan kontribusi besar dalam perjuangan dan pendidikan, seperti <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Rahmah El Yunusiah</span></em> di <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Padang Panjang</span></em>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">&#8220;Saya yakin kalau kita komit dalam membangun kembali Minangkabau ini, kita akan jauh lebih baik dari kondisi yang ada sekarang. Apalagi kalau sumberdaya manusia  kita digali dengan bijak,  &#8220;katanya.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em><a href="http://padang-today.com/?today=news&amp;id=12745"><span style="color: #ff00ff;">Foto dan tulisan dari Padang Today</span></a></em></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">***</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Tulisan ini saya peruntukkan untuk <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">para Bundo Kanduang Minangkabau</span></em> yang telah berjasa dalam membangun kebudayaan, dalam mendidik anak-anak menjadi orang yang berjiwa merdeka dan peduli terhadap masyarakat, serta yang telah membangun hubungan dalam rumah gadang dan kaum.</p>
<p>Tulisan ini juga ditujukan untuk para <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Bundo Kanduang-Bundo Kanduang</span></em> lain di Indonesia dan seluruh dunia yang dipanggil dengan sebutan <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Inang</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Bunda</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Ibu</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Buk’e</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Simbok</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Umi</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Mama</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Omak</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Mande</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Mandeh</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Mother</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Amma</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Amai</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Amak</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Mamak</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Mami</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Mamih</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Induak</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Induah</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Mutter</span></em>,<em> <span style="color: #ff0000;">Mutti</span>, <span style="color: #ff0000;">Ande</span>, <span style="color: #ff0000;">Madre</span>, <span style="color: #ff0000;">Maika</span></em><em>,</em><em> <span style="color: #ff0000;">Maman</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Mom</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Mère</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Mommy</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Um</span></em> dan <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Mata</span></em>. Ini hanyalah sebagian saja dari nama-nama yang dipakai untuk menyebut perempuan yang telah mengandung dan melahirkan seluruh manusia yang ada di dunia ini.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Puti Reno Oesman</span></em>, sebagaimana banyak <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">perempuan Minangkabau </span></em>lainnya, menunjukkan kepedulian kepada masyarakat, kemampuan dan kemauan perempuan Minangkabau pada umumnya dalam memimpin keluarga dan masyarakat.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Tulisan mengenai Bundo Kanduang <em><span style="color: #ffcc00;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">calon gubernur Sumbar</span> </span></em>ini adalah salah satu dari rangkaian tulisan yang khusus menampilkan <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">perempuan-perempuan Minangkabau</span></em> beserta karya-karya mereka ataupun kiprah mereka.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">***</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Baca juga tulisan-tulisan berikut ini mengenai <em>perempuan Minangkabau</em>:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.varajambak.com/2009/03/21/saya-bangga-jadi-perempuan-minangkabau/"><em><span style="color:#ff00ff;">Saya Bangga Jadi Perempuan Minangkabau</span></em></a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.varajambak.com/2009/03/25/emakku-hj-nurma-abubakar-piliang-perempuan-minang-tulen/"><em><span style="color:#ff00ff;">Emakku Hj. Nurma Abubakar Piliang-Perempuan Minang Tulen</span></em></a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.varajambak.com/2010/01/20/meiy-piliang-negeri-nurani-mati/"><em><span style="color:#ff00ff;">Meiy Piliang: Negeri Nurani Mati</span></em></a></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:justify;">
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.varajambak.com/2010/02/11/hanifah-damanhuri-oayobada-lapau-maya/"><em><span style="color: #ff00ff;">Hanifah Damanhuri Oayobada: Lapau Maya</span></em></a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.varajambak.com/2009/04/21/daftar-politikus-berpoligami-dan-pendukung-poligami/"><span style="color: #ff00ff;"><em>Daftar Politikus Berpoligami dan Pendukung Poligami</em></span></a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://moendg07.wordpress.com/2009/10/16/poligami-bagian-4/"><span style="color: #ff00ff;"><em>Poligami-Bagian 4</em></span></a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.varajambak.com/2008/12/05/perempuan-minangkabau-sebagai-mamak-dan-penghulu/"><span style="color: #ff00ff;"><em>Perempuan Minangkabau sebagai Mamak dan Penghulu</em></span></a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.varajambak.com/2009/06/17/hanifah-damanhuri-oayobada-bersatulah-perempuan-minang/"><span style="color: #ff00ff;"><em>Hanifah Damanhuri Oayobada: Bersatulah Perempuan Minang</em></span></a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.varajambak.com/2009/01/20/mamak-mamak-tidak-tahu-diuntung-bagian-1/"><em><span style="color: #ff00ff;">Mamak-mamak tidak tahu diuntung-Bagian 1</span></em></a></li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
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		<item>
		<title>Padang: city on a fault line</title>
		<link>http://www.varajambak.com/2009/12/13/padang-city-on-a-fault-line/</link>
		<comments>http://www.varajambak.com/2009/12/13/padang-city-on-a-fault-line/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Dec 2009 07:57:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Vara</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Minangkabau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aceh province]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bruce Edmond]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bukittinggi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kerinci Seblat National Park]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[matrilineal system]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[matrilineal system of the Minangkabau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Minangkabau ethnic group]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[northern Sumatra]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Padang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the Aceh Tsunami]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the Batu and Mentawai islands]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the Jakarta Post]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[West Sumatra province]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Padang is one of Indonesia&#8217;s major cities, the bustling capital of West Sumatra province.
A relatively prosperous port city with a population of about 900,000, it lies on a coastal plain backed by mountains.
It is a home to the Minangkabau ethnic group, whose traders spread its traditions &#8211; including their famed spicy food &#8211; as they [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Padang is one of Indonesia&#8217;s major cities, the bustling capital of West Sumatra province.</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A relatively prosperous port city with a population of about 900,000, it lies on a coastal plain backed by mountains.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It is a home to the <span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>Minangkabau</em></span> ethnic group, whose traders spread its traditions &#8211; including their famed spicy food &#8211; as they settled across the country.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The city also lies on one of the world&#8217;s most active fault lines, making it vulnerable to the earthquakes and tsunamis that have become an increasing concern to residents in recent years.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Strong earthquakes with epicentres near Padang killed dozens of people in March 2007, and the city was considered to have become more vulnerable after the tsunami that devastated <span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>Aceh province</em></span> in northern Sumatra <em><span style="color: #ffcc00;"> </span></em>in 2004.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">&#8220;Everything changed after<em><span style="color: #ff0000;"> the Aceh tsunami</span></em> &#8211; people were kind of living in fear,&#8221; said <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Bruce Emond</span></em>, an editor on <em><span style="color: #0000ff;">the Jakarta Post</span></em> newspaper who has lived in Padang and visits regularly.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">&#8220;We&#8217;ve been waiting for a big quake,&#8221; he said. &#8220;The wealthy areas are right next to the sea so a lot of people have been very concerned that these wealthier areas of the city would be hit &#8211; the commercial enclave.&#8221;</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">&#8220;I&#8217;m sure there were many who had an escape plan ready.&#8221;</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">He said that once Wednesday&#8217;s earthquake struck, many people immediately started fleeing for the mountains in fear of a tsunami.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Matrilineal system</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Padang is important to Indonesia but it is often a point of transit for travellers.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">They leave to go surfing or trekking on <em><span style="color: #0000ff;">the Batu and Mentawai islands</span></em>, or head to the hill town of <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Bukittinggi</span></em> or to <em><span style="color: #0000ff;">Kerinci Seblat National Park</span></em>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The climate is hot, humid, and very wet, with the area receiving an average of more than 4,300mm (170in) of rain each year.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Culturally, it is known for the unusual<em><span style="color: #ff0000;"> matrilineal system of the Minangkabau</span></em>, whereby inheritance passes from mother to daughter.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em><span style="color: #0000ff;">Padang women are seen as being particularly forthright and powerful</span></em>.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The region also has strong literary and musical traditions, though it is Padang&#8217;s spicy cuisine that has perhaps won most renown as the city&#8217;s traders set up restaurants across Indonesia.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">It typically consists of hot curries and other dishes served up in dozens of small bowls.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The area&#8217;s most important businesses include textiles and rubber, and transport of rubber across the province was reported to have been affected by the latest earthquake.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">&#8220;<em><span style="color: #0000ff;">For a city of such importance to Indonesia to be hit so hard is really something</span></em>,&#8221; said Mr Emond.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">But he also said <em><span style="color: #0000ff;">a large network of migrants</span></em> who have settled elsewhere in Indonesia could be helpful in efforts to rebuild after the earthquake.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">&#8220;The money&#8217;s there, and the connection to helping your people.&#8221; (From <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8284965.stm"><em><span style="color: #ff00ff;">BBC Online</span></em></a>)</p>
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		<title>Kaum Suku Jambak Sutera Gugat Pemkab Pessel</title>
		<link>http://www.varajambak.com/2009/12/11/kaum-suku-jambak-sutera-gugat-pemkab-pessel/</link>
		<comments>http://www.varajambak.com/2009/12/11/kaum-suku-jambak-sutera-gugat-pemkab-pessel/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Dec 2009 20:49:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Vara</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Minangkabau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hak ulayat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jambak]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jasril Jack SH]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kaum Jambak]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kuasa hukum penggugat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nagari Ampiang Parak]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Painan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pemerintah Kabupaten Pesisir]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pemerintah nagari]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pesisir Selatan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PN Painan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[suku Jambak]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tanah pusako tinggi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wali Nagari]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Diky Lesmana &#8211; Posmetro Padang
Kaum Suku Jambak Nagari Ampiang Parak Kecamatan Sutera Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan, melalui kuasa hukumnya, Law Office Jasril Jack SH &#38; Associates Advocates &#38; Legal Consultan. Melayangkan surat gugatan ke Pengadilan Negeri (PN) Painan Rabu (9/12), tentang hak kepemilikan tanah pusako tinggi kaum jambak seluas 3.000 meter yang berada di Pasa Ampiang [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Diky Lesmana &#8211; Posmetro Padang</p>
<p>Kaum Suku <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Jambak</span></em> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>Nagari Ampiang Parak Kecamatan Sutera Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan</em></span>, melalui kuasa hukumnya, Law Office Jasril Jack SH &amp; Associates Advocates &amp; Legal Consultan. Melayangkan surat gugatan ke <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>Pengadilan Negeri</em></span> (PN) Painan Rabu (9/12), tentang hak kepemilikan tanah pusako tinggi kaum jambak seluas 3.000 meter yang berada di <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>Pasa Ampiang Parak</em></span>.</p>
<p>Gugatan tersebut, ditujukan ke<em><span style="color:#ffcc00;"> <span style="color: #0000ff;">Pemerintah Kabupaten Pessel</span></span></em>, dimana diatas tanah yang dimaksud berdiri bangunan permanen sekolah dasar (SD) 03 Ampiang Parak.</p>
<p><span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>Kuasa Hukum penggugat</em></span>, <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Jasril Jack SH</span></em> sesaat menyarahkan surat gugatan di Painan mengatakan, penggugat berkeinginan mengambil kembali hak kepemilikan<em><span style="color:#ffcc00;"> <span style="color: #0000ff;">tanah pusako tinggi</span></span></em> <em><span style="color:#ff0000;">kaum Jambak</span></em>. Karena, surat jual beli kedua belah pihak antara<em><span style="color:#ff0000;"> Saunah</span></em> pihak penjual kepada pemerintah nagari Amping Parak sebagai pembeli pada 1 Juli 1974, yang dikeluarkan <em><span style="color:#ffcc00;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">pemerintah nagari</span> </span></em>setempat dinilai cacat hukum.</p>
<p>Dikarenakan, dalam surat jual beli tersebut wali nagari Ampiang Parak hanyalah sebagai pihak yang mengetahui. Seharusnya sebagai pihak pembeli. Kemudian, dalam surat tersebut tidak ada tanda tangan kesepakatan kaum dan mamak kepala waris saat itu.</p>
<p>Berdasarkan itulah, pihak penggugat melalui kuasa hukumnya melayangkan surat gugatan ke PN agar mendapatkan kepastian hukum tentang status kepemilikan tanah tersebut.</p>
<p>&#8220;Kemudian pihak penggugat telah merasa dirugikan dalam penggunaan tanah pusako tinggi itu. Pihak tergugat meminta ganti rugi sebesar Rp 500 juta,&#8221; katanya.</p>
<p>Dikatakan, seluruh rincian dari permasalahan tersebut telah kita tuangkan dalam surat gugatan itu. Dan sekarang kita menunggu pemberitahuan dari pihak <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>PN Painan</em></span>.</p>
<p>Menurut keterangan dari pihak penggugat lanjutnya, permasalahan ini telah dipertanyakan secara kekeluargaan. Namun, pihak <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>Wali Nagari Ampiang Parak</em></span> secara sepihak tidak memberikan ruang dalam pemecahan masalah ini. Bahkan, wali kampuang Pasa Ampiang Parak yang kebetulan dari pihak tergugat langsung dipecat secara sepihak oleh wali nagari tersebut.</p>
<p>&#8220;Saat ini kita tunggu hasil pemberitahuan dari pihak PN. Dan <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>kaum suku jambak</em></span> berharap gugatan ini dapat diterima pihak PN Painan,&#8221; pungkasnya. [*]</p>
<p>***</p>
<p>Tulisan ini diambil dari <a href="http://www.padang-today.com/index.php?today=news&amp;id=11868"><span style="color:#ff00ff;"><em>Padang Today</em></span></a>. Baca juga artikel terkait mengenai masalah tanah kaum di ranah <a href="wordpress.com/2009/01/20/mamak-mamak-tidak-tahu-diuntung-bagian-1"><em><span style="color:#ff00ff;">berikut ini</span></em></a>.</p>
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		<title>Message from Home</title>
		<link>http://www.varajambak.com/2009/10/16/message-from-home/</link>
		<comments>http://www.varajambak.com/2009/10/16/message-from-home/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Oct 2009 17:25:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Vara</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Minangkabau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bundo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[buyuang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[going merantau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[merantau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Misramolai]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mother-child relationships]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pasan nagari]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[saluak badeta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Silek]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Upiak]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.varajambak.com/?p=1456</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Mother-child relationships as well as the tradition of going merantau (going overseas/to rantau area to seek experience) are among the main themes in the Minangkabau literature. In general, Minangkabau folk songs reflect these major themes in their lyrics. The following song, entitled Pasan Nagari (en. message from home  village), describes the relationship between a mother [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;"><em><span style="color: #0000ff;">Mother-child relationships</span></em> as well as the tradition of <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">going merantau</span></em> (going overseas/to rantau area to seek experience) are among the main themes in the Minangkabau literature. In general, Minangkabau folk songs reflect these major themes in their lyrics. The following song, entitled <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Pasan Nagari </span></em>(en. message from home  village), describes the relationship between a mother and her son who goes merantau.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The video portrays how lonesome mother back home and her son in rantau area are and also how they miss each other. Unlike popular songs we know today which are monologue by styles and context, Minangkabau songs can contain many elements. This song is one good example. It contains sayings and proverbs, some statements from the mother and also from the son.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Misramolai</span></em>, the singer of this song, is one of the most well-known Minangkabu folk singers. In this video, she wears Minangkabau traditional clothes, headwears and accessories.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><object classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="425" height="344" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always" /><param name="src" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/SCbHtaj1WfQ&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;" /><param name="allowfullscreen" value="true" /><embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="425" height="344" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/SCbHtaj1WfQ&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&amp;" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">Pasan Nagari  &#8211;  Message from Home Village by Misramolai</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff0000;">Iyo rang Minang nan di subarang</span> &#8212; Ô Minang people who are overseas<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000;">Kanalah juo pusako lamo</span> &#8212; Remember well (our) ancient cultural heritage<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000;">Kieh jo bandiang usah hilangka</span>n &#8212; Allusions and parables, do not do away with<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000;">Pakaian adaik budayo lamo</span> &#8211;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> <span style="color: #000000;">(our) traditional costume, (our) ancient culture</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff0000;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #ff0000;">Lai dicubo tali dirantan</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">g</span> &#8212; It has been tried to stretch a rope</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #ff0000;">Indak tabaluik ngarai sianok</span> &#8212; Still cannot be bound the <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Sianok canyon</span></em>*<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000;">Bilo masonyo kampuang tajalang</span> &#8212; When would be the time to come home<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000;">Badanlah larek di rantau urang</span> &#8212; Exhausted has the body become in other people&#8217;s land</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff0000;">Lah tibo surek nan dari kampuang</span> &#8212; There came a letter from home<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000;">Manyuruah buyuang lakehlah pulang</span> &#8212; Asking <span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>b</em><em>uyuang</em></span>** to return home<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000;">Lah kuruih Bundo yo dek bamanuang</span> &#8212; Thin has mother become by virtue of grieve<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000;">Langang nagari Buyuang tinggakan</span> &#8212; Empty is the home village <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">buyuang</span></em>** has left</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff0000;">Pasan nagari tolong sampaikan</span> &#8212; Message from home please convey<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000;">Saluak badeta usah lupokan</span> &#8211;<em><span style="color: #ff0000;"> Saluak badeta</span></em>*** do not forget<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000;">Bahabih hari di rantau urang <span style="color: #000000;">&#8211; To spend days in other people&#8217;s land</span><br />
Bilo masonyo buyuang ka pulang</span> &#8212; When would be the time for Buyuang to come home</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff0000;">Lai dicubo tali dirantang</span> &#8212; It has been tried to stretch a rope<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000;">Indak tabaluik ngarai Sianok</span> &#8212; Still cannot be bound the<em> <span style="color: #ff0000;">Sianok canyon</span></em>*<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000;">Bilo masonyo kampuang tajalang</span> &#8212; When would be the time to come home<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000;">Badanlah larek di rantau urang</span> &#8212; Exhausted has the body become in other people&#8217;s land</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff0000;">Lah tibo surek nan dari kampuang</span> &#8212; There came a letter from home<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000;">Manyuruah buyuang lakehlah pulang</span> &#8212; <span style="color: #000000;">Asking <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">buyuang</span></em>** to return home</span><br />
<span style="color: #ff0000;">Lah kuruih Bundo yo dek bamanuang</span> &#8212; Thin has mother become by virtue of grieve<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000;">Langang nagari Buyuang tinggakan</span> &#8212; Empty is the home village which <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">buyuang</span></em>** has left</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ff0000;">Pasan nagari tolong sampaikan</span> &#8212; Message from home please convey<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000;">Saluak badeta usah lupokan</span> &#8212; <span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>Saluak badeta</em></span>*** do not forget<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000;">Bahabih hari di rantau urang</span> &#8212; To spend days in other people&#8217;s land<br />
<span style="color: #ff0000;">Bilo masonyo buyuang ka pulang</span> &#8211;When would be the time for <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">b</span></em><span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>u</em><em>yuang</em></span>** to come home</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>Notes:</em></span></p>
<address style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;">* <span style="color: #ff00ff;">Ngarai Sianok</span> (en. Sianok Canyon) is located in Bukit Tinggi, a small town in West Sumatra, Indonesia.</address>
<address style="text-align: justify; padding-left: 30px;">** <span style="color: #ff00ff;">Buyuang</span> (Indon. Buyung)is a common name (en. first name) for boys/men in Minangkabau. It is also used to call male children/teenager. <span style="color: #ff00ff;">Upiak</span> (Indon. Upik) is the corresponding name for girls.<br />
*** <span style="color: #ff00ff;">Saluak Badeta</span> is a traditional Minangkabau headwears usually used by men or by Silek (Indon. Silat) Pandeka like the one worn by Pandeka Mihar and his daughter from Silek Sentak. <a href="http://www.varajambak.com/2009/04/09/silek/">Here</a> is the link to the last post on Silek.</address>
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		<title>Silek</title>
		<link>http://www.varajambak.com/2009/04/09/silek/</link>
		<comments>http://www.varajambak.com/2009/04/09/silek/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2009 13:03:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Vara</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Minangkabau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gumarang Sakti]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gusmiati Suid]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Inyiak Upiak Palatiang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pandeka]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[randai]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[saluang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Silat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Silek]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Silek Bayang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Silek pandeka]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Silek Sunua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sofyan Nadar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tan Malaka]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the Malay world]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.varajambak.com/?p=1129</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Silek is the name of Minangkabau martial arts. It is popularly known in Indonesia and the Malay World as Silat. Even though it is wrongly considered as sports, it is to the Minangs much more than just mere sports. It is one of the most important aspects of Minangkabau culture and serves as methods for [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Silek is the name of Minangkabau martial arts. It is popularly known in Indonesia and the Malay World as Silat. Even though it is wrongly considered as sports, it is to the Minangs much more than just mere sports. It is one of the most important aspects of Minangkabau culture and serves as methods for individual self-defence and self-development. Its training serves as an arena for entertainment, &#8220;sports&#8221; and socializing. It is usually performed at night, since it is quiet and deemed the best time for other activities other than daily work. Minangkabau dances and theatre performance (Mk. <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">randai</span></em>) are based on and largely incorporate Silek movements.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Many famous Minangkabau personalities like <span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>Tan Malaka</em></span>, <span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>Gusmiati Suid</em></span> and <span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>Inyiak Upiak Palatiang</em></span> were trained in Silek during their childhood as part of their education. Many Minangs teach Silek in many regions in the Malay world and Europe. Many Silek students founded their own Silek schools and styles and spread the teachings to other parts of the world like United States and Africa. Gusmiati Suid, an important figure in Indonesian contemporary dance and the founder of the <span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>Gumarang Sakti</em></span><em> </em>dance company, used Silek movements as the basis for her choreography. <a href="http://www.yale.edu/silat/IbuInyiakUpiakPalatiang.htm">Inyiak Upiak Palatiang</a>, aged 105, is a Minang Silek mistress who is famous in the Silat world for being the world&#8217;s oldest <span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>pandeka</em></span><em> </em>(Silek or Silat master) and the defender of the Minangkabau tradition. And yet she still carries out her daily activities ranging from being a farmer, a midwife, a singer of Minangkabau folk songs and a <span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>saluang</em></span> player (Minangkabau traditional flutes) regularly.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The first video from youtube below shows a Minangkabau <span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>Silek pandeka</em> </span>and teacher at the Silek school known as <span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>Silek Sentak</em></span> which he founded and leads in Vienna, Austria. His partner in this performance is his daughter who is also a Silek pandeka and teacher. The second video shows Sofyan Nadar, another Minangkabau Silek pandeka of the styles known as <span style="color: #ff0000;">Silek Bayang</span> and <span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>Silek Sunua</em></span>, presenting some Silek movements to some Silat students in France.</p>
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		<title>Indonesia, the Minangkabau Republic</title>
		<link>http://www.varajambak.com/2009/04/07/indonesia-the-minang-republic/</link>
		<comments>http://www.varajambak.com/2009/04/07/indonesia-the-minang-republic/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 07 Apr 2009 18:21:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Vara</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Minangkabau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anti-colonial movement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[atheist]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[center]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[communism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[communist]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[communist movement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[General Suharto]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Islam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[left]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Masyumi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Minang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Muhamad Hatta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Muhamd Natsir]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Murba]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Naar de Republiek Indonesia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PARI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[patriarchal culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[politics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PSI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[right]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[secular]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Suharto]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Suharto's rule]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sukarno]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sutan Syahrir]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tan Malaka]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the Republic of Indonesia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[towards the Republic of Indonesia]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.varajambak.com/?p=1065</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It cannot be deemed an overstatement to say that Indonesia is the  Minangkabau Republic. Tan Malaka, a international communist leader  of Minangkabau descent and the founder of the Republic Indonesia, was the first independence activist of the Netherlands Indies who wrote Naar de Republiek Indonesia (en. towards the Republic of Indonesia) in 1923. It was [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">It cannot be deemed an overstatement to say that Indonesia is the  Minangkabau Republic. <a href="http://www.marxists.org/archive/malaka/index.htm"><em><span style="color: #0000ff;">Tan Malaka</span></em></a>, a international communist leader  of Minangkabau descent and the founder of the Republic Indonesia, was the first independence activist of the Netherlands Indies who wrote <a href="http://www.marxists.org/indonesia/archive/malaka/1924-Menuju.htm"><em><span style="color: #0000ff;">Naar de Republiek Indonesia</span></em></a> (en. towards the Republic of Indonesia) in 1923. It was only 22 years afterward that other independence activists such as <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Sukarno</span></em>, who is much more famous in the Western world than he, and <span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>Muhamad Hatta</em></span>, another activist  of Minang descent, proclaimed the independence of Indonesia,  allegedly &#8220;without the presence of Tan Malaka&#8221; because he spent the most part of his time in jail and in exile.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Tan Malaka himself spent almost two decades in exile trying to avoid the arrest not only by the Dutch authorities but also by their allies. It was during his exile that he wrote the most part of his work. He played a significant and dominant role in linking the communist movement of Europe to the Asian anti-colonial movement. His writings and his life have been inspiring the Indonesian youth since the time of the struggle for the independence up to the present time. Reading or even keeping his books could cause an Indonesian student to go to jail during<em> </em>Suharto&#8217;s rule. His name was vilified during the Suharto&#8217;s era, and yet, the Indonesian students still tried to keep their spirit alive by reading and discussing his books (most of the time only copies of them) clandestinely.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The majority of the early political parties in Indonesia were founded by the Minangs. It includes among others <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">PSI</span></em> (Indonesian Socialist Party) founded by <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Sutan Syahrir</span></em>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">PARI</span></em> (the Party of the Republic of Indonesia) and <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Murba</span></em> (Proletarian Party) founded by <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Tan Malaka</span></em> and <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Masyumi</span></em> (a Islamic party) founded by <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Muhamad Natsir</span></em>. Tan Malaka, Sutan Syahrir and Muhamad Natsir represented what the Western scholars  term &#8220;left&#8221;, &#8220;center&#8221; and &#8220;right&#8221;. However, they still fought for the same cause, that is, the independence of Indonesia. This kind of constellation may seem strange for some people or even scholars coming from <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">patriarchal culture</span></em> but for the Minangs names or labels are just names, not something to cling to.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In general, the Minangs do not  really care about names or labels. What counts for them is how they achieve their objectives. During the era of the communist movement in Indonesia, it was not uncommon in a family to have brothers or sisters, mothers and mothers&#8217; brothers who held different beliefs ranging from Islam, communist (in most cases atheist), a little of everything or even nothing. Nonetheless, they still supported each other. A moslem member of the family who was more well-off than his/her relatives who were, say communist, would help these relatives for their relatives&#8217; cause, namely &#8220;communism&#8221; without getting involved in it or even believing in it.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">For the Republic of Indonesia, of which he was the founder, architect and defender, Tan Malaka had to meet his end by the bullets acquired for  the Republic Indonesia.  He was shot to death by the military officers of the Sukarno administration.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Many other Minangkabau personalities have played a significant and hence dominant role in the sociopolitical and cultural arena since the time of the development of the Indonesian national identity . Their role range from languange to literature, from film to journalism and press, from gastronomy to economy, and from politics to the shaping of the character of Indonesians. Alas, they had to succumb to power hungry Sukarno who ruled Indonesia for almost 20 years. Sukarno emerged as the sole &#8220;power&#8221; in the post-independence Indonesia by eliminating many influential Minang personalities from the political arena one by one, and therefore paved the way to one of the most brutal dictator of the 20th century, the West-backed <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">General Suharto</span></em>.</p>
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		<title>An introduction to the Minangkabau</title>
		<link>http://www.varajambak.com/2009/04/03/an-introduction-to-the-minangkabas/</link>
		<comments>http://www.varajambak.com/2009/04/03/an-introduction-to-the-minangkabas/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 03 Apr 2009 07:33:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Vara</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Minangkabau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indonesia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kaum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Malay World]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[matriarchal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[matriarchal society]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[matrilineal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[merantau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Minangs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[orang Padang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ranah Bundo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ranah Bundo Kanduang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rantau]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[suku]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sumatra]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tan Malaka]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the land of the beloved mother]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the land of the loving mother]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the land of the womb mother]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[urang awak]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[urang Jambak]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[urang Koto]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[The Minangkabau or the Minangs of Sumatra, Indonesia are known as the world&#8217;s largest matriarchal society. They are allegedly the most stable and the most influential of such societies. In Indonesia, they are famous for their restaurant chains serving spicy food known as Rumah Makan Padang or Restoran Padang, their role in the founding of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:justify">The Minangkabau or the Minangs of Sumatra, Indonesia are known as the world&#8217;s largest matriarchal society. They are allegedly the most stable and the most influential of such societies. In Indonesia, they are famous for their restaurant chains serving spicy food known as <span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>Rumah Makan Padang</em></span> or <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Restoran Padang</span></em>, their role in the founding of the Republic of Indonesia, and their literary flair.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify">Being matrilineal, the Minangs trace descent through their mother&#8217;s side. Consequently, each person belongs to their mother&#8217;s <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">kaum</span></em> or <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">suku</span></em> (en. clan). Jambak, Koto, Piliang, Sikumbang, Malayu, Chaniago, Gucci and Tanjuang are some well-known Minangkabau clans&#8217; names.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Minangkabau</span></em> is not the only name attributed to them. They are also known under many different names. For the majority of Indonesians, they are known as <span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>orang Padang</em></span> (en. the Padangs). The name Padang itself comes from the capital city of the province of West Sumatra and it has been used for the names of Minang restaurants outside the Minangkabau land.  Despite the existence of many accounts on the origins of the names, the Westerners and Western scholars seem to prefer the name Minangkabau, probably because one version of the accounts involves a story about &#8220;the invasion of the Minangs by some external power&#8221; and &#8220;a war threat&#8221;,  and thus the beloved topics  in the Western world.  The account itself originates from one region in the Minangkabau land, and therefore it can not be said that it represents the true origin of the name Minangkabau. It was through the work of some Western scholars on them that they adopted the terms &#8220;Minangkabau&#8221; and &#8220;matriarchy&#8221; (from Dutch: matriarchaat).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify">The Minangs call themselves <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">urang awak</span></em> (lit. our people). They call someone or other Minang people from other clans with the name of their clan, such as <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">urang Jambak</span></em> (en. someone or people of the Jambak clan) or <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">urang Koto</span></em> (en. someone or people of the Koto clan). Likewise, they also call someone with the name of their clan such as <em><span style="color: #0000ff;">Vara nan urang Jambak</span></em> (lit. Vara from the Jambak clan).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Ranah Bundo</span></em> is the name they give  to their homeland. It literally means the land of the mother(s) or motherland. <span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>Ranah Bundo Kanduang</em></span> is another name for their land which literally means <span style="color: #ff0000;">the land of the womb mother</span>, <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">the land of the beloved mother</span></em> or <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">the land of the loving mother</span></em>. The word <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">kanduang</span></em> means both <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>love</em></span> and <span style="color: #0000ff;"><em>womb</em></span>. And since there is almost no distinction between adjective and nouns in Minang language, it can also mean beloved and loving (the adjectives relating to love).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify">The Minangs exert a significant influence in many areas including culture, sociopolitics, economy, literature, language, gastronomy, and journalism, not only in Indonesia but also in the whole <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">Malay world</span></em>. What is known as the Malay World includes, among others, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, the southern region of Thailand and South Philippines. They also played an important role in the struggle for independence against the Dutch colonials in Indonesia, and against the British colonials in the British Malaya (what has now become Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei Darussalam).<span style="color: #ff0000;"><em> Tan Malaka</em></span>, the founder of the Republic of Indonesia, played a key role in linking the communist movement of Europe to colonial Asia.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify">Their stories are not those of kings and kingdoms and wars and killings and invasions and rapes but of mothers and grand mothers, of the children of the mothers, of the struggle against the oppression, of <span style="color: #ff0000;"><em>going merantau</em></span> (going to <em><span style="color: #ff0000;">rantau</span></em> area or going outside the motherland), of the will to freedom and of the will and the power to build the society wherein they live. For this reason, they have often been omitted from Indonesian and Western accounts alike.</p>
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